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http://marronebioinnovations.com/products/regalia/
"House Ag Discusses Benefits of Expanding
Trade with Cuba"
The House Ag Committee met Thursday to review U.S. agricultural sales to
Cuba. Committee Chairman Collin Peterson introduced legislation to
facilitate expanded U.S. ag trade with Cuba last month. The bipartisan
bill is co-sponsored by nearly 40 other members of Congress - including
Jerry Moran of Kansas, Rosa DeLauro of Connecticut and Jo Ann Emerson of
Missouri. Peterson said Thursday that the
restrictions on agricultural trade with Cuba have failed to achieve
their stated goal - and instead have hand-delivered an export market in
our own backyard to the Brazilians, the Europeans and our other
competitors around the world.
Several ag and commodity groups were represented at the
hearing. The Presidents of the American Farm Bureau Federation and
National Farmers Union both testified. As did producers representing the
U.S. Rice Producers Association, National Association of Wheat Growers,
National Milk Producers Federation, National Corn Growers Association
and American Soybean Association.
“FB President Testifies on
Cuban Trade Issues”
In testimony before the House Agriculture Committee, the President of
the American Farm Bureau Federation called on Congressional members to
support the Travel Reform and Export Enhancement Act, or H.R. 4645. Bob
Stallman said this act would lift some key U.S.- imposed restrictions on
trade with Cuba. The bill would reverse the restrictions on payment of
cash in advance, eliminate the third country bank requirement and lift
the ban on travel.
Because of the great market potential,
Farm Bureau believes passage of the legislation would make agriculture a
strong player in the Cuban market and increase U.S. agricultural
exports. Stallman said - we have seen the promise the market holds.
Unfortunately, because of restrictions on U.S exports to Cuba, U.S.
farmers have not been able to benefit from the full potential of the
market.
Since being allowed to trade with Cuba in 2000, on average the United
States has exported roughly 320-million dollars in agricultural products
per year, reaching a high of almost 700-million in 2008. Stallman
pointed out - the United States is not viewed by Cuba as a reliable
supplier. Our competitors do not have the same obstacles in trading with
Cuba we face. Stallman said, - eliminating these restrictions will
decrease the advantages the United States has given our competitors and
restore the advantage to U.S. farmers.
“More Testimony on Cuban
Trade-Travel”
Also, testifying before the House Committee on Agriculture concerning
Cuban trade and travel issues were representatives of the National
Farmers Union and American Soybean Association. Leaders from both
organizations voiced support for the Travel Restriction Reform and
Export Enhancement Act.
NFU President Roger Johnson testified,
saying – even though U.S. firms offer reliable trading partners, quality
products and competitive prices, current U.S. policy hampers their
ability to supply the Cuban market. He said - I can speak from firsthand
experience on the importance of ending the Cuban embargo and
establishing trade relations with Cuba in an effort to better the U.S.
agriculture market.
ASA Board member Scott Fritz, a soybean producer
from Winamac, Indiana, said - we
can no longer sit on the sidelines and watch our competitors continue to
supply a market where we have a natural advantage. Fritz added - if the
travel ban is eliminated, the number of U.S. citizens traveling to Cuba
annually would increase to between 500-thousand and 1 million. This
growth in travel would bring in more hard currency, enabling the Cuban
state-trading agency to buy more U.S. agricultural products.

“Farm
Bureau Reports on Views of Young Farmers and Ranchers”
A survey conducted by the American Farm Bureau Federation indicates that
profitability, increasing government regulations and the impact of
activist groups are the top concerns of America’s leading young farmers
and ranchers. Still, despite economic challenges, 80 percent of those
responding to AFBF’s 18th annual survey of young farmers and
ranchers say they are more optimistic than they were five years ago,
while 82 percent say they are better off than they were five years ago.
The informal survey shows that 79 percent
of young farmers and ranchers have a high or very high level of
apprehension about government climate change regulations. 85 percent
were concerned or very concerned about activist groups. Only 7 percent
expressed little or no concern. 83 percent said they believe farm income
should come totally from the marketplace, while only 17 percent said
farm income should be supplemented by government farm program payments.
The Farm Bureau survey of young farmers and ranchers also shows that
nearly 99 percent said they have access to and use the Internet, with 72
percent saying they have access to a high-speed Internet connection.
Only 20 percent rely on dial-up connections. Nearly three-quarters of
those surveyed have a Facebook page.
In addition, the Internet is an important tool for the group to access
both general and farm news, with 84 percent saying they use the Web for
that function. Seventy-two percent said they turn to the Internet to
collect buying information for their operations. 96 percent say they
consider themselves life-long farmers or ranchers.
“USDA Tightening Guidance
on Pork Contracts”
Guidance currently in place for loans to contract poultry operations
meant to protect them from questionable business practices will now be
expanded to include contract pork operations. In making the
announcement, Ag Secretary Tom Vilsack explained - USDA currently
provides guidance to county offices on the analysis and evaluation of
applications for direct and guaranteed loans for contract poultry
operations, and how those loans are serviced. The purpose is to avoid
making loans that may exacerbate integrator business practices that have
left some producers suddenly without contracts and unable to pay back
their FSA loans.
Recent increases in energy and feed costs
coupled with reductions in demand have affected profit margins and
returns in the industry. In response to these conditions, some companies
who contract with producers to supply poultry and pork have closed
processing plants, reduced placements, and declined renew contracts.
This has left some producers holding sizeable loans on their facilities.
In addition
to the contracting guidance expansion to pork production, USDA's Farm
Service Agency will issue an Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to
solicit input from the pork and poultry community regarding the
prevalence of type of contracting situation. FSA will be soliciting
proposals for the best way for USDA to address these contract situations
in the long term.
“U.N. Climate Report To Be
Reviewed”
The controversial report issued by the United Nations’ Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change, will be reviewed by one of the world’s most
credible scientific groups, the InterAcademy Council, made up of 15
nations’ national academies of science. Robert Kijkgraff, a Dutch
mathematical physicist co-chairs the group. He says - we enter this
process with no preconceived conclusions.
U.N.
Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon asserted - there were a very small number
of errors - in the 3-thousand pages of the beleaguered report. But those
errors, which include projections of retreats in Himalayan glaciers,
have put public confidence in the panel's work at risk, and have been
seized on by climate skeptics opposed to the U.N.-led efforts to
conclude a legal international agreement on global warming this year.
Among the questions being asked are whether the climate panel should use
non-peer reviewed literature, how governments review IPCC material, and
even how the IPCC communicates with the public. Dijkgraaf says his
Netherlands-based group - will definitely not go over all the data, -
but will instead focus on how the panel does its job. The group will
pick a panel of experts and wrap up its independent review by the end of
August.
DTN AG NEWSWIRE
FRIDAY,
MARCH 12th, 2010
The National Ski
Joring Finals begin today in Red Lodge, Montana. You ask: "ski what?"
Ski joring -- j-o-r-i-n-g. What happens is that a horse and rider tow a
skier behind on a rope, something like water skiing. The idea started
several hundred years ago in Scandinavia, with people who had to cover
large distances in heavy snow. Now, competitors steer through slalom
gates and off jumps that keep them airborne for up to 60 feet. It all
adds up to winter fun in a sport that now holds events in five states.
Across the U.S., more than 12 million people enjoy alpine and cross
country skiing or the increasingly popular sport of snowboarding.
www.census.gov
****************************************************

THANK YOU FOR
SUPPORTING U.S. AGRICULTURE.
WANT ONE OR
MORE???? CONTACT:
ggatley@sprynet.com
****************************************************
RESEARCH IN AGRICULTURE

A wild strawberry collected
from flank of the Atsunupuri
Volcano (at red arrow) in
Far Eastern Russia is now
preserved in both the ARS
National Plant Germplasm
System and the Svalbard
Global Seed Vault in Norway.
Photo courtesy of Andrey
Sabitov, N.I. Vavilov
Institute of Plant Industry. |

Seeds of the Russian wild
strawberry Fragaria
iturupensis were part of
a shipment of 10,522 samples
of seeds from ARS germplasm
collections recently sent to
the Svalbard Global Seed
Vault in Norway. Photo
courtesy of Andrey Sabitov,
N.I. Vavilov Institute of
Plant Industry. |
ARS
Sends Third Seed Shipment to
Norway
Seed Vault
A
shipment of seed sent by the
Agricultural Research Service (ARS)
earlier this month to the
Svalbard Global Seed Vault in
Norway included a wild Russian
strawberry that an expeditionary
team braved bears and volcanoes to
collect.
The seed shipment—ARS’ third since
January 2008—included wild and
cultivated soybeans, semi-dwarf
wheat and rice cultivars, and other
samples maintained in the agency’s
National Plant Germplasm System
(NPGS). ARS’ goal, over the next 10
to 15 years, is have the majority of
the system’s 511,000 collections
stored in the vault, which is
administered by Norway’s
Nordic Genetic Resources Center
together with the
Global Crop Diversity Trust.
The vault itself is built into a
mountainside on Spitsbergen Island,
located midway between Norway’s
northernmost coast and the North
Pole. With this third U.S. shipment,
the facility will house more than
500,000 plant accessions obtained
from around the world. However, the
total storage capacity is likely 10
times that amount, notes plant
physiologist
David Ellis with ARS’
National Center for Genetic
Resources Preservation in Fort
Collins, Colo. Ellis coordinates the
shipments of seed obtained from
multiple ARS locations.
Worldwide, there are about 1,400
operating genebanks. The Svalbard
vault’s purpose isn’t to replace
them, but rather to provide a secure
remote backup location for the
genetic diversity contained in the
genebanks, should their collections
be lost due to natural disaster or
other reasons.
The ship containing ARS’
contributions “set sail” the last
week of February and arrived the
first week of March, adding 10,522
samples of seed to the Svalbard
collection. Strawberry specimens
included Fragaria iturupensis,
a wild relative originally collected
in 2003 from the island of Iturup in
Far Eastern Russia by scientists
from the
N.I.
Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry.
Led by senior scientist Andrey
Sabitov, an ARS collaborator, the
team hiked for three days in bear
territory to obtain the seeds from
the Atsunupuri Volcano’s lower
flank.
Horticulturist
Kim Hummer of the ARS
National Clonal Germplasm Repository
in Corvallis, Ore., received some of
the seed, which may provide genes
for new flavor components or pest
resistance. This seed has now been
sent to Svalbard for long-term
preservation.
ARS is the principal intramural
scientific research agency of the
U.S.
Department of Agriculture
(USDA). The research supports the
USDA priority of promoting
international food security.
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Applying naturally occurring
plant hormones called
cytokinins to cotton seeds
or young cotton plants can
increase yields 5 to 10
percent under drought
conditions, according to new
ARS research. Click the
image for more information
about it. |
Plant
Hormone Increases Cotton Yields
in
Drought Conditions
A
naturally occurring class of plant
hormones called cytokinins has been
found to help increase cotton yields
during drought conditions, according
to
Agricultural Research Service (ARS)
scientists.
Cytokinins promote cell division and
growth in plants. In cotton,
cytokinins stimulate the growth of
the main plant stem and branches.
Commercially produced cytokinins are
routinely applied in apple and
pistachio orchards to promote fruit
growth.
John Burke, director of the ARS
Cropping Systems Research Laboratory
in Lubbock, Texas, found that
applying cytokinins to cotton crops
can increase yields in water-limited
environments with reduced irrigation
or no irrigation. Burke was granted
a patent for his discovery.
Half of the U.S.-produced cotton is
grown in the arid high plains of
Texas. In addition to a short
growing season, 60 to 65 percent of
the acreage in the area is dry land
and relies on rainfall for soil
moisture. Young cotton seedlings
have small root systems, making it
difficult for them to reach
available soil water. Cytokinins
trick the young plant's water stress
defenses, prompting the plant to
quickly build a bigger root system
to access deep soil moisture. They
also stimulate the growth of a
protective wax on the surface of the
plant that helps reduce water loss.
Tests conducted by Burke found one
application of cytokinins produced a
5 to 10 percent increase in yields
under water-reduced conditions.
Additionally, tests determined that
cytokinins didn't help or hinder
yields under fully irrigated or
rainy conditions, making it safe for
use in all weather environments.
There is also no extra work involved
for the grower because cytokinins
can be applied when conducting
normal weed-management practices
early in the season.
To
be effective, the cytokinins should
be applied at a relatively low
concentration to cotton seeds or to
cotton plants at an early stage of
development. ARS is working closely
with commercial companies to make
this material available to cotton
growers in the future.
ARS is the principal intramural
scientific research agency of the
U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA). This research supports the
USDA priority of responding to
climate change.
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Mosquitoes can detect a very
fine chemical structure
difference in octenol, a
compound emitted by mammals,
according to new research by
ARS scientists. Click the
image for more information
about it. |
ARS
Study Provides a Better
Understanding
of How
Mosquitoes Find a Host
The potentially deadly
yellow-fever-transmitting Aedes
aegypti mosquito detects the
specific chemical structure of a
compound called octenol as one way
to find a mammalian host for a blood
meal,
Agricultural Research Service (ARS)
scientists report.
Scientists have long known that
mosquitoes can detect octenol, but
this most recent finding by ARS
entomologists
Joseph Dickens and
Jonathan Bohbot explains in
greater detail how Ae. aegypti—and
possibly other mosquito
species—accomplish this.
Dickens and Bohbot, at the ARS
Invasive Insect Biocontrol and
Behavior Laboratory in
Beltsville, Md., have shown that
Ae. aegypti taps into the
"right-handed" and "left-handed"
structural nature of octenol, which
is emitted by people, cattle and
other mammals. This ability to
detect the "handedness" of molecules
has been shown in mammals, but the
discovery is the first case of
scientists finding out how it works
in an insect, according to the
researchers.
When they hunt for a blood meal,
mosquitoes hone in on a variety of
chemicals, including carbon dioxide,
lactic acid, ammonia and octenol.
Octenol is one of many carbon-based
compounds that have a molecular
structure that can take on either a
"right-handed" or "left-handed"
form. Each form is a mirror image of
the other, and a form's "handedness"
is determined by how its molecular
bonds are assembled.
The scientists used frog eggs to
help them make their discovery. They
injected RNA from Ae. aegypti
into the frog eggs, allowing the egg
membranes to mimic the mosquito's
ability to detect octenol. Then they
attached microelectrodes to the frog
egg cell membranes, passed octenol
over them and recorded the
electrical signals stimulated by the
odors.
They ran the tests using both the
right- and left-handed forms of
octenol. The scientists found
heightened electrical activity when
the membrane was exposed to the
right-handed form, and weakened
activity when it was exposed to the
left-handed form.
There are many natural compounds
that can take on either a
right-handed or left-handed form.
While the effects of those
differences on many plants and
animals remains a mystery, the
report, published in
PLoS ONE, shows the effects
of octenol's dual structure on the
yellow fever mosquito and adds to
scientists' understanding of how
mosquitoes sense the world around
them. It also may open the door to
speedier development of better
mosquito repellents and traps,
according to Dickens.
The team's research is being funded
by the
Department of Defense Deployed
War Fighter Protection Research
Program.
ARS is the principal intramural
scientific research agency of the
U.S. Department of Agriculture.
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Geraniums Could Help Control
Devastating Japanese Beetle

ARS scientists have
discovered that geraniums
could be useful in helping
control the Japanese beetle,
a costly pest that feeds on
nearly 300 plant species.
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Within 30 minutes of
consuming geranium petals,
the beetle rolls over on its
back, its legs and antennae
slowly twitch, and it
remains paralyzed for
several hours. The beetles
typically recover within 24
hours, but they often
succumb to death after
predators spot and devour
the beetles while they are
helpless. |
Geraniums may hold the key to
controlling the devastating Japanese
beetle, which feeds on nearly 300
plant species and costs the
ornamental plant industry $450
million in damage each year,
according to scientists with the
Agricultural Research Service
(ARS).
The beetle, Popillia japonica
Newman, can feast on a wide variety
of plants, including ornamentals,
soybean, maize, fruits and
vegetables. But within 30 minutes of
consuming geranium petals, the
beetle rolls over on its back, its
legs and antennae slowly twitch, and
it remains paralyzed for several
hours. The beetles typically recover
within 24 hours when paralyzed under
laboratory conditions, but they
often succumb to death under field
conditions after predators spot and
devour the beetles while they are
helpless.
ARS entomologist
Chris Ranger at the agency’s
Application Technology Research Unit
in Wooster, Ohio, is working on
developing a way to use geraniums to
control the beetles.
Ohio and neighboring Michigan are
some of the largest producers of
horticultural plants, most of them
grown in greenhouses. Other research
to benefit the horticultural
industry includes that of Susan
Stieve, curator of
Ohio
State University’s
Ornamental Plant Germplasm Center
in Columbus, Ohio.
Stieve is working with OSU
collaborators and horticulturist
Jonathan Frantz of the ARS
Greenhouse Production Research Group
in Toledo, Ohio, to see whether a
specialized breed of begonias can
tolerate colder temperatures.
The scientists are screening the
begonias at two production
temperatures: 5 degrees Fahrenheit
colder than normal, and 10 degrees F
colder than normal. Begonias are
found naturally in a wide variety of
climates and altitudes—ecological
clues that can be used to identify
promising germplasm. Being able to
grow begonias at cooler temperatures
could reduce greenhouse heating
bills for ornamental growers in
northern climates.
ARS is
U.S.
Department of Agriculture’s
principal intramural scientific
research agency.
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ARS is studying how the
antibiotic oxytetracycline,
which is used on livestock,
breaks down in cattle
manure. Click the image
for more information about
it. |
Assessing Antibiotic Breakdown in
Manure
Agricultural Research Service
(ARS) scientist
Scott Yates is studying how
oxytetracycline (OTC), an antibiotic
that is administered to animals,
breaks down in cattle manure.
Livestock producers in the United
States often use antibiotics to
control disease in their animals,
and confined U.S. livestock and
poultry generate about 63.8 million
tons of manure every year. The drugs
are often only partially absorbed by
the digestive tract, and the rest
are excreted with their
pharmaceutical activity intact.
Yates, who works at the
ARS Contaminant Fate and Transport
Research Unit in Riverside,
Calif., found that in controlled
laboratory conditions, OTC in cattle
manure was degraded more quickly as
temperatures increased and as the
moisture content in the manure
increased. But the OTC breakdown
slowed as water saturation levels
neared 100 percent. Yates concluded
that this slowdown resulted when
oxygen levels were not high enough
to fuel the OTC biodegradation.
Yates also noted that OTC breaks
down more quickly in manure than in
soil. Compared to soil, manure has
higher levels of organic material
and moisture, which support the
microorganisms that break down this
pharmaceutical.
This laboratory research may be
useful in designing studies that
evaluate the potential effects of
lagoons, holding ponds and manure
pits on bacteria and antimicrobial
resistance.
Livestock producers also might use
the results from this study to
maximize the breakdown of organic
materials and potential antibiotics
in manure by designing storage
environments with optimum
temperatures and moisture levels.
Results from this study were
published in the
Journal of Agricultural and Food
Chemistry.
ARS is the chief intramural
scientific research agency of the
U.S.
Department of Agriculture.
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Cattle grazing on rangeland
with a taller canopy of
plants with more and larger
leaves take larger bites and
meet their dietary needs
with lower calorie
expenditure, according to
new research from ARS.
Click the image for more
information about it. |
Cows
Like Leaves
Their
Tongues Can Wrap Around Easily
Lots of leaves growing in easy reach
of a cow's tongue means less time
and less land needed to raise beef
cattle, according to
Agricultural Research Service
(ARS) and
DairyNZ (New Zealand)
scientists.
Ranchers may be able to tell how
long to leave cattle in a pasture,
and how large to make the pasture,
by the height and leafiness of
plants growing there, according to
Stacey Gunter, research leader
at the
ARS Southern Plains Range Research
Station in Woodward, Okla. He
worked with former Ph.D. student
Pablo Gregorini and colleagues at
Woodward to demonstrate this
approach with beef steers grazing in
fenced-off corridors in wheat
pastures.
The pastures were chosen to
represent a range of natural
variations in plant heights and
upper plant leafiness. The steers
were allowed to graze the corridors
freely and were removed when they
reached the end of the corridor,
regardless of how much time the
steers took. While grazing the
corridors, each steer was videotaped
and had two trained observers who
counted bites and walking steps.
The reason for this real-life
pasture study is that most studies
of grazing behavior are done on
"artificial seedings," specially
planted pastures, or small plots
that are fairly uniform. To provide
the best possible recommendations to
ranchers, Gunter and Gregorini
integrated studies of the standard
type with "in field" pasture
conditions which are much less
uniform.
Besides the taste and nutrition of
large leaves, cattle like their food
to be accessible, with leaves high
on the plant and a minimum of stem
interference with the cattle's
tongues, which they use to wrap
around and pull off leaves. Cattle
faced with a nice canopy of luscious
leaves took larger bites and were
able to get their daily rations with
lower calorie expenditure.
This resulted in greater eating
efficiency. Gunter and Gregorini
measured eating efficiency by
dividing the total amount of pasture
plants eaten per steer by the total
eating time. This is known as
herbage intake rate, a key
determinant of weight gain for
cattle grazing pasture.
The research was published in the
Journal of Animal Science.
ARS is the principal intramural
scientific research agency in the
U.S. Department of Agriculture.
The research supports the USDA
priority of promoting international
food security.
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Five new potato breeding
lines now being tested by
ARS scientists and
collaborators could provide
the basis for varieties that
can handle powdery scab and
black dot diseases. Photo
courtesy of Microsoft
Clipart |
Tough
New Spuds Take on Double Trouble
Americans love potatoes, consuming
about 130 pounds per person
annually. But it's a wonder the
spuds even make it to the dinner
table, given the many fungal
diseases that attack the tuber
crop—powdery scab and black dot
among them.
Now, five new potato breeding lines
being tested by
Agricultural Research Service
(ARS) scientists and collaborators
could open the door to new varieties
of the crop that resist powdery scab
and black dot diseases, caused by
the fungi Spongospora subterranea
and Colletotrichum coccodes,
respectively.
These fungi often occur together in
the same soil, attacking the potato
plant's roots, tubers or stems.
Outbreaks can cause yield losses of
up to 25 percent and prevent tubers
from reaching the sizes needed by
the french fry and fast-food
industry. Of the two fungi, only
black dot can be chemically
controlled with fungicides; however,
multiple applications are needed,
ratcheting up production costs to
prohibitive levels. A more
sustainable alternative is genetic
resistance, according to geneticist
Chuck Brown, with the ARS
Vegetable and Forage Crops
Production Research Laboratory
in Prosser, Wash.
In
studies conducted there since 2004
with
Washington State University
professor
Dennis Johnson, assistant Tom F.
Cummings and postdoctoral associate
Nadav Nitzan, Brown screened an
existing collection of wild and
cultivated potatoes for sources of
natural resistance to powdery scab
and black dot in a local grower's
infested field.
The effort ultimately led to five
advanced potato breeding lines that
had been developed from a wild
species from Mexico, Solanum
hougasii, and a recent
commercial release, Summit Russet.
In three years of field trials in
Washington State and Idaho, the
potato breeding lines consistently
showed fewer disease symptoms—root
galling for powdery scab and
sclerotia-infected stems for black
dot—than other lines and varieties
tested.
The potato breeding lines themselves
aren't intended for production.
Instead, they'll be made available
as seed for use in breeding programs
aimed at developing the first
commercial varieties with dual
resistance to the fungal diseases,
according to Brown, who discussed
the research at the 48th Annual
Washington State Potato Conference
in January.
The research findings have been
published in the journal
Plant Disease.
ARS is the principal intramural
scientific research agency of the
U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA). This research supports the
USDA priority of promoting
international food security.
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